Scott A. Bonar Lab
AZ Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
Spawning and Rearing of Sonora Suckers
Little information is available regarding rearing and spawning Sonora Suckers in captivity. We are collaborating with UA and USU aquaculturists, AZGFD staff and the Salt River Project (SRP) to hold a captive population of Sonora Suckers from the Salt-Verde Rivers to in investigate means to rear and spawn them in captivity. We are attempting to induce natural spawning with manipulation of temperature, flow and photoperiod. Spawning requirements of Sonora sucker previously obtained from the field are being consulted to design treatments in the laboratory. We have developed an upflow gravel bed for inducing natural spawning and egg survival as an analog to the gravel beds several native fishes use for nesting. If natural inducement is unsuccessful for inducing spawning, we plan to use hormonal injections including Ovaprim and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. If fish still do not spawn naturally, hand stripping of eggs and milt and fertilization in vitro will be attempted. Fertilized eggs will be hatched using flowing tray and McDonald jar methods and fry reared on a mix of rotifers, copepods, diatoms, freshly hatched Artemia and microencapsulated fry food. Fry will be reared to 6+ inches in length. We collected Sonora suckers from the Salt River Project canals near Mesa, AZ in January 2023, and from the Verde River. At first, these fish suffered high mortality due to holding stress. We then adjusted rearing conditions to reduce mortality and for months have not experienced mortality. We are now gathering data and preparing for spring rearing and spawning season. Determination of appropriate environmental captive rearing and spawning conditions, sometimes after a period of initial mortality, has also been essential to captively breed other Southwestern native fishes. We are now in the data collection stage, and results of this work will be prepared for a thesis and publications.